E Commerce Business Analysis - 1820 Words

†¢ INTRODUCTION TARDIS Travel currently with branches in 50 cities has consult Yana consulting for suggestions relating online business. This report is created for Board of Directors of TARDIS Travel containing detailed information about the way to regain the company s market share by conducting business online and remain to be competitive in to future. This report includes details about different type of E-commerce, information related to in-house and outsourcing business strategies that would be helpful in this competitive environment of travel industry and suggestions to be either fast followers or first leading that might appear in online business, for TARDIS travel and also some recommendation for this online business initiative. †¢ REAL WORLD EXAMPLE OF EACH OF THE MAJOR TYPES OF E-COMMERCE B2b e-commerce: Business to business (b2b) e-commerce is the largest and most known E-commerce form. It has about $4.1 trillion transactions in United States in 2012(Laudon Traver, e-Commerce 2013). Business to business defines the sales made to other business, rather than to consumer. For example, Jetabout Holidays through Thomas cook and American express, etc. Travellers are attracted by various attractive packaged tours that may be of lower prices than what travellers would pay if directly purchasing from supplier. In B2b E-commerce, wholesalers with the help of the retail travel service sell their package to the consumer. By packaging throughShow MoreRelatedBusiness Analysis : E Commerce940 Words   |  4 Pages E-commerce implies the purchasing or offering of products and administrations over the Internet. Electronic commerce is a defined word for any type of business transaction that involves the exchange of information across the Internet. It contains the many ranges of business including the retail sector, health care industry, hospitality and many more. Whatever it may be the business that should helpful to the customer and client. Internet is the tool to grow up the business in market withRead MoreImpact Of E Commerce On Global Economy1352 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction Impact of E-Commerce on Global Economy It is exciting area especially E-Commerce. The advancement in World Wide Web, computers and mobile wireless communication technologies are transforming the way business is conducted. The success stories of Amazon, eBay are few examples. New technologies have provided the required platform for innovation, growth, shopping convenience, and price advantage due to the boundary less competition. Business leaders across the industry are developingRead MoreThe Impact Of E Commerce On Retail Industry1697 Words   |  7 Pagesimpact of E-Commerce on the ‘Retail Industry’ August 8 2016 The Findings and Analysis of customer information on an e-commerce platform. The Improved Marketing techniques of e-commerce. Security issues associated with conducting business over the internet and the methods used to combat these security vulnerabilities’ on e-commerce and the use of social media e-commerce the conventional method of conducting business today â€Æ' The Main Elements of E-Commerce and the impact of E-Commerce on ‘RetailRead MoreE Commerce : Buying And Selling Of Products1148 Words   |  5 Pagesdocuments. E-commerce is widely considered the buying and selling of products over the internet, but any transaction that is completed solely through electronic measures can be considered e-commerce. E-commerce is subdivided into three categories: business to business or B2B (Cisco), business to consumer or B2C (Amazon), and consumer to consumer or C2C (eBay). also called electronic commerce. The e-commerce business was booming for us as there was an increase in the online demand for our business nicheRead MoreEssay On E-Commerce Trends734 Words   |  3 Pages2017 e-commerce-trends-in-2017 Finally, 2017 is here, so what exactly your e-commerce growth plans are and what e-commerce trends do you need to stay on top of? Are you planning to expand the product categories, revamping or redesigning your website or going international? Whatever the plans are, keep in mind there are some of the biggest e-commerce trends we are going to expect in 2017. Let’s read on to find out some trendy e-commerce tricks for online merchants to build a user-friendly e-commerceRead MoreA Business Process Explorer : Recovering And Visualizing E Commerce Business Processes1001 Words   |  5 Pagesâ€Å"A Business Process Explorer: Recovering and Visualizing E-Commerce Business Processes† is a research paper developed by the author: Jin Guo, King Chun Foo, Liliane Barbour, and Ying Zou. The focus of this paper is a business process and how it affects e-commerce systems. Business process can be defined as an assortment of linked, designed actions or responsibilities that are linked together by control flow foundations. E-commerce uses business processes to systematize the day-to-day work flow ofRead MorePestel / Pestle Analysis Of Amazon971 Words   |  4 PagesAn Organization I am familiar with I want to speak about its Pest analysis is Amazon. Amazon.com Inc. successfully shelters the issues shown in the PESTEL/PESTLE examination of its e-commerce business and remote or macro-environment. The PESTEL/PESTLE Analysis model is a tool for classifying the external factors that shape the conditions of a company’s remote or macro-environment. In the case of Amazon, the circumstances of the online retail market are measured. As the largest firm in the marketRead MoreE Commerce : A Type Of Business1328 Words   |  6 PagesE-COMMERCE INTRODUCTION: Electronic Commerce, usually addressed as E-commerce can be described as a type of business used for commercial transactions which involves transfer of information across the internet. It helps people in electronically exchanging goods and services with ease as there is no time or distance barrier. Types of E-commerce: (i) Business to Business (B2B): Firms directly deal with each other, (i.e.,) manufactures sell their goods to Distributers. Here, the pricing will varyRead MoreHorizontal And Vertical Integration For A Profitable Business Model1251 Words   |  6 Pagesof buyer and supplier assists with the development of an integration strategy. A thorough analysis can isolate attractive opportunities in support of building a profitable business model. These strategies can leverage vertical and/or horizontal integration of new business entities. These entities are designed to help with growing market share, increasing efficiencies and/or reducing costs. Online business using the internet has experienced significant growth over the last two decades. AccordingRead MoreThe Challenges of E-Commerce1403 Words   |  6 PagesThe Challenges of E-Commerce MKT552 The Challenges of E-Commerce Today’s business managers face many challenges when migrating a traditional ‘brick and mortar’ company to that which is now known as the evolutionary ‘click and mortar’ business model – that is, a business that operates in the Internet market space. To stand boldly in the face of challenges presented by the networked economy, firms must develop competencies that enable not only high performance market interactivity and adaptive

Horror and Figurative Language in The Tell Tale Heart

Horror and Figurative Language in The Tale-Tell Heart Dreadfully chilling, The Tell-Tale Heart by Edgar Allan Poe is a horrific short story that introduces the reader to an utterly mad narrator who is driven to commit vile and heinous acts because of his unnatural obsession with his roommates, an old man, cataract eye. The narrators madness is revealed instantly, only to be substantiated when he devises a sinister plan to rid himself of the vulture eye forever. After seven nights of watching his prey sleep, the narrator strikes and coldheartedly murders the old man. A shriek calls the attention of a neighbor, who contacts the local authorities. The narrator, who is so overwhelmed with his own hubris, cheerily invites the three†¦show more content†¦This metaphor serves to create terror in â€Å"The Tell-Tale Heart† by conjuring up images of the dead and ghoulish. Rarely are ghosts and hauntings considered a good thing, and in this case Poe’s use of figurative language establishes a nightmarish tone related directl y to death. Not only does Poe bring into play an appalling metaphor in which he compares an idea to a vengeful spirit to make the story even more gruesome, he also uses another metaphor in which he compares the psychotic narrator to the Grim Reaper. In the metaphor, â€Å"All in vain; because Death, in approaching him had stalked with his black shadow before him and enveloped the victim,† (Poe, paragraph 1, page 357) the narrator compares himself to Death, or the Grim Reaper. In most cultures, the Grim Reaper is a creature who escorts souls of the dead to either Heaven or Hell. This helps to prove the narrator is completely unstable, as he believes it is his job, his duty, to murder the old man. It also shows the narrator is eager to do anything in his power to achieve his goal by killing the old man. Both nerve-racking metaphors work to compose a tense and upsetting tone in â€Å"The Tell-Tale Heart.† In addition to tremendously clever similes and metaphors, Poe uses a countless amount of shockingly ironic situations in â€Å"The Tell-Tale Heart†, effectively forming a hauntingly outlandish mood. A startling instance of Poe’s irony is introduced when he writes, â€Å"You should have seen how wisely IShow MoreRelatedAnalysis of Edgar Allan Poes Writing Style Essay776 Words   |  4 PagesA virtuoso of suspense and horror, Edgar Allan Poe is known for his Gothic writing style. His style is created through his use of punctuation, sentence structure, word choice, tone, and figurative language. Punctuation-wise; dashes, exclamation marks, semicolons, and commas are a favorite of Poe. His sentences vary greatly; their structures are influenced by punctuation. Much of his word choice set the tone of his works. Figurative language colors his writings with description. Such is observed inRead MoreEdgar Allan Poes Writing Style598 Words   |  2 PagesMaster of suspense and horror, Edgar Allan Poe is known for his Gothic writing style, as demonstrated in two of his well-known short stories, â€Å"The Tell-Tale Heart† and â€Å"The Cask of Amontillado† His style is created by his use of punctuation, sentence structure, word choice, imagery, and tone. First off, punctuation-wise, dashes, exclamation marks, semicolons, and commas are a favorite of Poe. All this is shown in the first sentence of â€Å"The Tell-Tale Heart†, â€Å"True!—nervous—very, very dreadfully nervousRead MoreStyle Of Edgar Allan Poe881 Words   |  4 Pagesfact, Edgar Allan Poe, also known as the â€Å"Master of Horror†, is a well known author known for his style and the effect it has on his readers. Edgar Allan Poe is a poet and an author. He writes terrifying short stories and poems that can give the reader nightmares. For the same reason, his style is very gothic and ominous. He uses several literary devices that help create such creepy effects. In three of his most well-known works, â€Å"The Tell Ta le Heart,† â€Å"The Cask of Amontillado,† and â€Å"The Raven,† PoeRead MoreAnalysis Of Nathaniel Hawthorne s The Great Gatsby 1416 Words   |  6 Pages as a narrator,can see things as symbols of their past, whilst a narrator in third person and the audience see it as a simple object. Going back to Hawthorne and Poe, they use the points of view to implement a dark mood. In the short story, â€Å"Tell-Tale Heart†, by Edgar Allan Poe himself, it states, . . . the noise arose over all and continually increased. It grew louder --louder --louder! And still the men chatted pleasantly, and smiled (Poe, 1980). In the text of â€Å"Young Goodman Brown†, by NathanielRead MoreAnalysis of Edgar Allan Poe ´s The Tell-Tale Heart605 Words   |  2 Pagesâ€Å"The Tell- Tale Heart†, written in 1843, is a simultaneous horror and mental story presented in a first- person perspective, in which Edgar Allan Poe, the author, portrays that the significant influence of inner guilty and fear on narrator’s insane. The author achieves this in the means of figurative languages, symbolism and the plot of the story. Through the whole story, there is no doubt that guilty plays a tremendously crucial role. It is obvious that symbolism is used for many times. To beginRead More Compare Contrast Mary Rowlandson and Olaudah Equiano Essay1667 Words   |  7 Pages There are various things that make up a piece of literature. For example: choice of diction, modes of discourse, and figurative language. Mary Rowlandson and Olaudah Equiano were great examples of authors that used these elements of literature. There are similarities and differences in A Narrative of the Captivity and Restoration of Mrs. Mary Rowlandson and From Africa to America. Though Mary Rowlandson and Olaudah Equiano shared similarities in experiences, they had different writing personalitiesRead MoreCompare/Contrast Writers1706 Words   |  7 PagesThere are various things that make up a piece of literature. For example: choice of diction, modes of discourse, and figurative language. Mary Rowlandson and Olaudah Equiano were great examples of authors that used these elements of literature. There are similarities and differences in A Narrative of the Captivity and Restoration of Mrs. Mary Rowlandson and From Africa to America. Though Mary Rowlandson and Olaudah Equiano shared similarities in experiences, they had different writing personalitiesRead MoreEdgar Allan Poes Use of Descriptive Language in The Pit and the Pendulum1609 Words   |  7 PagesEdgar Allan Poes Use of Descriptive Language in The Pit and the Pendulum Edgar Allan Poe has been known for writing stories of mystery and horror. He has composed poems dealing with the occult. He favors those themes and ideas that people shy away from, death, pain, suffering, torture, terror, and fear. His gothic stories burn fright into the hearts of the reader or leave them with a sense of remorse for Poes poor and unfortunate characters. Not many people have ever thought aboutRead MoreEdgar Allan Poe Literary Analysis1489 Words   |  6 Pagesstole his joy and claimed that the angel envied their happiness. Poe was accused of rumors and scandals his whole life, afflicted with depression, pinned down by phobias and horrific fantasies, and his writing reflects the madness in every lover’s heart. (Harris 60) In many of Edgar Allen Poe’s writings, he used gothic elements to express his pain and revealed the darker side of human nature. Edgar Allan Poe wrote Annabel Lee in 1849, a couple months before he died, and the poem first showed upRead MoreEdgar Allan Poe s Tales Of Mystery And Horror2549 Words   |  11 PagesEdgar Allan Poe s tales of mystery and horror initiated the modern detective story, and the atmosphere in his tales of horror is unrivaled in American fiction. His The Raven (1845) numbers among the best-known poems in national literature, The name Poe brings to mind images of murderers as well as madmen, burials of the premature kind, and mysterious women who have return from death . His works have been in print since early 1827 and included such classics as â€Å"The Tell-Tale Heart,† â€Å"The Raven,† and

Founding Theorists of Management Free Essays

Identify the founding theorists of management and then discuss the major schools of thought under which their theories can be classified. The founding theorists of management are Frederick Taylor, Max Weber, Henri Fayol and Mary Parker Follett. Taylor’s theory is classified under Scientific Management, and he was known as â€Å"the father of scientific management†. We will write a custom essay sample on Founding Theorists of Management or any similar topic only for you Order Now Scientific management can be defined as the scientific determination of changes in management practices as a means improving labour productivity. Taylor’s theory focuses on efficiency in the organization, improving the productivity of manual workers, and it demonstrates how providing workers with an incentive to perform can increase productivity. Taylor’s theory suggested four principles of scientific management. The first principle involves developing a science for each element of an individual’s work to replace the old rule of thumb methods. The second principle involves scientifically selecting, training and developing workers. Related article: Examples of Scientific Management in Healthcare The third principle involves developing cooperation between workers and management to ensure that work is done in accordance with the scientifically devised procedures. The fourth and final principle of scientific management involves the equal division of work and responsibility among workers. While scientific management was praised for improving productivity, it was also criticized, because it ignored the individual differences among workers, and could not see that the most efficient way of working for one person may differ from that of another person. The application of scientific management is seen in today’s organizations when the best qualified applicants are hired for a job. Max Weber developed a theory of authority structures theory is classified under Bureaucratic Management, and it may be described as a formal system of organization based on clearly defined hierarchal levels and roles in order to maintain efficiency and effectiveness. Weber believed that organizations should be managed on an impersonal, rational basis, and that this type of organization would be more efficient and adaptable to change because stability is related to formal structure and positions rather than to a articular person who may leave or die. Weber identified six elements of bureaucratic management. This first element involves the division of labour with clear definitions of authority and responsibility. The second element involves the organization of positions in a hierarchy of authority, where each position is under the authority of a highe r one, and subordinates follow the orders of their superiors. The third element involves the selection and promotion of personnel based on technical qualifications, or training and experience. The fourth element involves administrative acts and decisions which are governed by rules, and are recorded in permanent files to provide the organization with memory and continuity over time. The fifth element states that means of production or administration belong to the office, and that personal property is separate from office property. The sixth and final element of bureaucratic management states that rules are impersonal and applied to all employees. It also states that managers are subject to rules and procedures that will ensure predictable and reliable behavior. Bureaucratic procedures provide a standard way of dealing with employees. Everyone receives equal treatment and knows what the rules are, and this has enabled many organizations to be very efficient. The application of bureaucratic management is seen in today’s organizations with the Employee Code of Conduct. Henri Fayol’s theory can be classified under General Administrative Theory, and focuses on the one best way to run the organization. The general administrative theory focuses on how the entire organization should be organized, and the practices an effective manager should follow. Fayol proposed a universal set of management functions, which are planning, organizing, commanding, coordinating and controlling. Planning, involves anticipating the future and acting on it. Organizing requires developing the institution’s material and human resources. Commanding requires keeping the organization’s actions and processes running. Coordinating involves aligning and harmonizing the efforts of organizational members. The final management function controlling, involves performing the first four functions according o the appropriate rules and procedures of the organization. Fayol developed theories of what he believed constituted good management practices, known as the fourteen principles of management. The fourteen principles are; specialization of labour, authority, discipline, unity of command, unity of direction, subordination of individual interests, remuneration, centralization, scalar chain, order, equity, stability of staff, initiative, and spirit de corps, which means harmony and cohesion among personnel. Specialization of labour is where managerial and technical work is amenable to specialization to produce more and better work with the same amount of effort. Authority refers to the right of superiors to give orders and to expect them to be followed. Discipline is where the members in any organization must respect the rules and agreements governing the organization. Unity of command is where each subordinate receives orders from one superior only. Unity of direction means similar activities in the organization should be grouped together under one manager. Subordination of individual interests means, the concerns of the organization should take precedence over the concerns of the individual. Remuneration refers to compensation for work done, and it should be fair to both the employee and the employer. Centralization refers to the degree to which decision making is concentrated at the top levels of the organization. Scalar chain refers to the chain of authority which extends from the top to the bottom levels of the organization. Order implies that all material and human resources within the organization have a prescribed place to be. Material resources must remain in the right place at the right time, and people should be in the jobs or positions they are suited to. Equity implies that everyone within the organization should be treated equally. Stability of staff implies that there should be a low employee turnover rate in order to facilitate the efficient functioning of the organization. Initiative means that subordinates should be given freedom to share their ideas and carry out their plans. Esprit de corps means creating team spirit through the use of verbal communication, to promote harmony and cohesion among personnel. Fayol also stressed the role of administrative management and stated that all activities that occur in business organizations could be divided into six main groups, which are, technical, commercial, financial, security, accounting and managerial. For example, production and manufacturing activities can be grouped under technical; buying, selling and exchange activities can be grouped under commercial; activities obtaining and using capital can be grouped under finance; protection of property and persons can be grouped under security; balance sheet, stocktaking, statistics and costing activities can be grouped under accounting and; planning, organizing, commanding, coordinating and controlling activities can be grouped under managerial. Fayol then concluded that the six groups of activities are interdependent and that it is the role of management to ensure that all six activities work smoothly to achieve the goals of an organization. Mary Parker Follett was a major contributor to the administrative approach to management. However, she was also an advocate of a more humanistic perspective to management, which highlighted the importance of understanding human behaviors, needs and attitudes in the workplace, as well as social interactions and group processes. She emphasized worker participation and the importance of goals that cannot be reached by a single party for reducing conflicts in organizations. Follett explained that managerial dominance and compromising only produced temporary adjustments. She proposed a process in which parties involved in conflict would interact despite the existing facts, and allow a new solution to come into view that none of the conflicting parties had considered. She called this approach to resolving conflict an integrating process. Mary Parker Follett’s approach to leadership stressed the importance of people, rather than engineering techniques, and she addressed issues such as ethics, power, and how to lead in a way that encourages employees to give their best, as well as the concepts of delegation of power and authority to employees, rather than controlling them. Although Frederick Taylor, Max Weber, Henri Fayol and Mary Parker Follett are not the only theorists to make contributions to the schools of thought of management, they have all made significant contributions to management, many of which have been implemented and even modified, in today’s organizations. How to cite Founding Theorists of Management, Essay examples

Information Security Data Breach

Question: Discuss about the Information Securityfor Data Breach. Answer: Background Data breach is referred to as the incident in which the confidential and sensitive information might get stolen from the data server by unauthorized person unethically without permission. As the technology is growing up the concept of hacking is also becoming devastating. Nowadays data theft has become one of the most challenging phases in technology. Among the recent data breaches roundup, in September 2015, security and data breaches occurred in Apple centre, which become a headline (Data-breaches, 2015). After detail analysis, it has been found that for creating free application Utopia, iOS malware named as Key-raider, stole around 225,000 apple accounts. The suspicious Apple iOS tweak was analyzed by Weip Tech and it has been reported that, more than 225,000 valid apple accounts along with their password are stored on the apple server. The aim of the attack is to develop two iOS jailbreaks tweaks for downloading different applications from the official application store of Apple (Wang et al., 2013). Without proper payment, the attackers wanted to utilize the applications efficiently. The jailbreak tweak software packages are used by the attackers because it allows them to perform the required actions that are not generally possible in iOS. In the command and control serer of the malware attackers the stolen information were used to stored and utilized on required time phase. About the Problem Scenario The incident of malware attack in the iOS app store took place in the year of 2015, September. All Apple users have apple accounts and their registered id and passwords are stored in the app server (Sun, Akiyama Mori, 2016). The keyrider software package rather malware, attacked on the apple server and hacked all confidential information including thousands of certificates, private keys, purchase receipt etc. The stolen data were stored in C2 server that contains threat itself to expose the information of the users. In order to unlock the functionalities and operations of the iphones and ipads, the Key-raider malware stole apple push notification service (Shahriar, Klintic Clincy, 2015). The two tweaks were capable to hack the app purchase requests and to steal the purchase receipt from the C2 server. The Reason Behind its Occurrence The main reason behind this attack is to theft the sensitive information of the users without informing them and to utilize those data for different unethical purposes. Initially apple store was found to be one of the most secured servers where, the external users were not able to attack easily (Jang et al., 214). Thus, the official information of the users were enough secured from the external attackers. In order to hijack the official information from the data server the key-raider malware was used by the attackers. In addition to this, the attackers actually used this malware to assault directly the app store and without paying accurate payment they wanted to use the application of Apple. After this the attackers will be able to perform those tasks also which are not actually possible to be performed on the OS platform. The tweaks had downloaded over 20,000 times, which stated, that more than 20,000 users are abusing 225,000 stolen data from the app store (Stankovic, 2014). Initia lly it was very difficult for the owners to identify the actual reason and process of attack but gradually, after conducting vast investigation, i_82 discovered the key-raider malware attack appropriately. Possible Solution to Mitigate the Occurred Issue Different strategies are there, used by the software and hardware analysts to protect their data server from the external attacks. If proper strategies are used, then only the owners will be able to keep their server data secured. Based on the type of information and vulnerabilities, appropriate mitigation strategies are needed to be adapted (Xing et al., 215). The possible solutions against the malware attacks are as follows: Data encryption: In order to keep the data secured from the key-raiders malware, proper encryption algorithm is required to be adapted by the data server. In this process the sender and receiver both are bound to use symmetric and asymmetric keys according to the background of the situation. After the application of proper encryption algorithm none of the external users will be able to get the details of the public and private keys. Due to the disruptive services the nature of malicious code as been actively shifted. Antivirus adaptation: Another important technique that can be used to keep the information secured from the attackers is adaptation of antivirus. Depending on the nature of the data the anti viruses should be installed. Authentication: Authentication is referred to as another important component that is strictly required to be considered to maintain the data security. With the help of authentication only the authorized users will be able to visit the app stores whenever required. The non-registered users or the unauthorized users are not competent to hijack the information from the app server. Firewall implementation: In order to keep the data secured and to reduce the number of attackers, application firewall is also required to be configured. Introduction In the year of 2015, icloud hacking is found to be as one of the biggest controversial hacking cases. Though, the incident took place in the summer 2014, but officially it was exploited in the year of 2015 (Hacking Cases, 2015). The victim of the attack was number of celebrities. It has been found that, in 2014, dozens of icloud of the celebrities were mainly attacked by the external attackers. In order to hijack, the photos of the celebrities mainly the attackers attacked the cloud server. This is referred to as one of the popular hacking cases that occurred between 2012 and 2016. The report depicts the background scenario of this incident including the victim and the attackers of the incident. It also elaborates the way through which the attack incident carried out (Choo, 2014). In addition Ito this, lastly it will illustrate different prevention technologies that are needed to be adapted by the owners to protect the photos of the celebrities from the attackers. Overall Problem Scenario This scenario took place in the year of 2014 summer but is officially reported in 2015. After investigating incident, it has been determined that, more than 500 private images of the celebrities from different domain are hijacked by the attackers. Most of the victims of the incident are women though many men are also found to be victim of the attack. After hijacking the images the attackers posted those in different social networks and other websites. From the security investigation it has been determined that the images are retrieved from the apple cloud named as icloud (Braunstein, 2016). The attack become easier for the attackers because the cloud server allows the users to make multiple attempts for guessing the password. Due to the allowance for unlimited times password guessing options on the Application Programming Interfaces (API), the icloud access became easier. The attackers need not to take any permission from the users rather the chance of redundancy also enhances rapidl y. The Problem scenario The images hijacked from the cloud storage were obtained by the attackers from the online storage that has been offered by the Apple Icloud (Hacking Cases, 2015). The cloud storage automatically stores the images of the celebrities and also keeps the backup of the images in the storage. The attackers targeted on the icloud account in terms of account identity and passwords directly. The attacks are phishing and brute force attacks (Elhai et al., 2017). Due to lack of security in the cloud storage the photos are hacked by the attackers. The apple privacy security was questioned due to lack of security. Even before public release the photos were getting revealed in front of everyone. The main activity center of the phishing attack was the link sharing website Reddit. Moreover, the critics realized that distribution of the images publically is one of the major privacy invasions. Not only images but also the private information was also hijacked by the external attackers. The Affected Person or Victim After analyzing the incident it has been found that the victims of the attack are the celebrities Most of the celebrities including men and women are the victims of this incident. The icloud data storage leaked the pictures of the celebrities and publically released those. The image content and the confidential information both get hijacked by the external attackers. Though some of the photographs are referred to as fake but most of the photos are stated as authenticated rather original. The external attackers attacked on the icloud service provider were the confidential data and the images both get stored. In this phishing attack the attackers get opportunity to make multiple attempts to identify the account id and password at the same time. As there was no prominent limitation of the attempt thus, the attackers too several attempts and hijacked the images. The Way through the Attack Carried Out After matching the id and password of the apple accounts it become easier for the attackers to search for the desired products (Hacking Cases, 2015). After hijacking the photos, they promoted those to the public platform where all the users will be able to look for the photographs. The Possible Attack Prevention Strategies In order to mitigate the problems, different possible strategies could be undertaken. These are as follows: Data encryption: The fundamental concept of encryption is required to be undertaken by the owners to overcome the issues. Server authentication: The server is required to be authorized, so that the unauthorized users cannot attack and hijack images from the server. Limited attempts: There should be limit for making attempts on the password verification. If it is found that user are making more than 3 attempts then, for that particular person the access should be blocked. Conclusion From the overall discussion it can be concluded that, information security is one of the major concerns of operating system and data server. If the owner fails to adapt accurate security measures, then the attackers will easily hack information from the server even without permission. By developing vast investigation on malicious activities, the computer activities can be controlled and monitored accurately. The report elaborated the incident appropriately and after analysis, the victims of the incident are also identified. In addition to this, the background of the problem scenario, the victim of the incident and the way through which the attack had carried out are also elaborated in this report. After identifying the problems, possible mitigation strategies are also elaborated in this report. Accurate mitigation approaches will help to overcome the issues. References Ahmed, M., Litchfield, A. T., Ahmed, S. (2014). A Generalized Threat Taxonomy for Cloud Computing. ACIS. Braunstein, A. (2016). Standing Up For Their Data: Recognizing the True Nature of Injuries in Data Breach Claims to Afford Plaintiffs Article III Standing.Journal of Law and Policy,24(1), 3. Choo, K. K. R. (2014). Mobile cloud storage users.IEEE Cloud Computing,1(3), 20-23. Data-breaches,.(2015).recent-data-breaches-september-2015.www.identityforce.com. Retrieved 19 September 2015, from [online] https://www.identityforce.com/blog/recent-data-breaches-september-2015 Elhai, J. D., Chai, S., Amialchuk, A., Hall, B. J. (2017). Cross-Cultural and Gender Associations with Anxiety About Electronic Data Hacking.Computers in Human Behavior. Hacking Cases,. (2015).The Most Controversial Hacking Cases of 2015.Blog.tcitechs.com. Retrieved 29 September 2015, from [online] https://blog.tcitechs.com/blog/the-most-controversial-hacking-cases-of-2015 Jang, Y., Song, C., Chung, S. P., Wang, T., Lee, W. (2014, November). A11y attacks: Exploiting accessibility in operating systems. InProceedings of the 2014 ACM SIGSAC Conference on Computer and Communications Security(pp. 103-115). ACM. Shahriar, H., Klintic, T., Clincy, V. (2015). Mobile Phishing Attacks and Mitigation Techniques.Journal of Information Security,6(03), 206. Stankovic, J. A. (2014). Research directions for the internet of things.IEEE Internet of Things Journal,1(1), 3-9. Sun, B., Akiyama, M., Mori, T. (2016). Towards Automatically Detecting Promotional Attacks in Mobile App Store. Ur, B., Bees, J., Segreti, S. M., Bauer, L., Christin, N., Cranor, L. F. (2016, May). Do Users' Perceptions of Password Security Match Reality?. InProceedings of the 2016 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems(pp. 3748-3760). ACM. Wang, T., Lu, K., Lu, L., Chung, S. P., Lee, W. (2013, August). Jekyll on iOS: When Benign Apps Become Evil. InUsenix Security(Vol. 13). Wei, T., Zheng, M., Xue, H., SongFireEye, D. (2014). Apple Without A Shell Ios Under Targeted Attack. InVirus Bulletin Conference. Xing, L., Bai, X., Li, T., Wang, X., Chen, K., Liao, X., ... Han, X. (2015, October). Cracking app isolation on apple: Unauthorized cross-app resource access on mac os. InProceedings of the 22nd ACM SIGSAC Conference on Computer and Communications Security(pp. 31-43). ACM.

Electronic Marketing Basics Essays - Marketing, Advertising

Electronic Marketing Basics Many people have been burned over and over again by fast buck artists selling a lot of hype and saying how easy it is to make big money in electronic marketing. The fact is electronic marketing can be the fastest way to lose a lot of money quickly. Many business owners have lost thousands of dollars using these supposed (no cost) forms of marketing. People put up a Website, do some advertising, and expect the profits to roll in. In most, case that is not the way it works. They say that marketing on the Internet is free so why is 94% of all online business are currently losing money on the Internet. Yes there are a few organizations that do make some money off the Internet advertisement, but there is ways to make even more money. It is easy to earn a substantial income from home or office computer with an online business if

Cleopatra in Antony and Cleopatra Essay Example

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Invention of computer Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Invention of computer - Essay Example Computers have been a major reason for the rapid technological advancement that has taken place in the last few decades. The contemporary world would have been underdeveloped in many ways had computers not been introduced. Negative effects of computers include but are not limited to wastage of time, growth of porn and drug industries, and harmful effects on health. Children waste a lot of time playing games and surfing internet for non-educational purposes. Internet has provided a platform for the growth of pornography and other unwanted industries and mafia. Prolonged use of computers has limited physical activity and is one of the causes of the growth of obesity rate. Concluding, computers are so important in the present age that modern era can be defined as computer age. Use of computers is employed in every field of life. Computers have contributed to the growth of technology, education, and industries but at the same time, have also had harmful effects on the

Enligh Literature Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Enligh Literature - Essay Example His wife continues to question him and on her insistence, he tells her he would not. Then, she storms out and shows his indifference towards him by reading and locking up herself. He continues with the chores and later finds her locked in the bathroom. He tells her he would marry her and she says, she'd see! Later, she asks him to switch off the lights and when she walks into the room, he finds himself with a stranger in his wife! The first issue we encounter in the journal is not the major theme of Racial Discrimination but that of the relationship between the husband and wife. The husband is shown as a compassionate and considerate husband, as he helps her with the chores. Later, however, we do feel that his love might be limited by racial undertones, as he says he would not have married her if she was black. This uncovers the fact that humans tend to overlook love and give more importance to trivial walls like race and colour. The basic emotions go for a toss when one possesses an attitude that divides humanity. The next issue

Should the U.S. emphasize multilateral over unilateral initiatives in Research Paper

Should the U.S. emphasize multilateral over unilateral initiatives in foreign policyC.Q. Researcher, Feb. 2, 2007, vol. 5, issu - Research Paper Example 4. Many important international institutions require multilateral cooperation. 5. Multilateral initiatives allows for more alliances. CONS: No, the U.S. should NOT emphasize multilateral over unilateral initiatives in foreign policy. 1. The U.S. may have a disadvantage in multilateral negotiations because some countries outstrip the American influence in many consensus-oriented fora such as the ASEAN, Asean Regional Forum and APEC. 2. Some of the benefits of multilateralism can be achieved in through other strategies such as bilateral agreements, which sometimes could be more forceful and effective. 3. It is less decisive in addressing immediate threats or issues that need immediate attention. The dominant opinion domestically and internationally is that the United States is better off pursuing a multilateral approach to its foreign policy instead of unilateralism. This is exactly what is being pursued by the current Obama administration. For example, in the current civil war happeni ng in Libya, the US is working with the North Atlantic Territory Organization (NATO) and the Arab League in order to best solve the crisis. When several airstrikes were finally launched against Moammar Gaddhafi’s military installations, they were done within the auspices of NATO and were explicitly projected as international efforts with the French or the British, possibly taking the lead. American policymakers are careful to avoid the failures of the previous administrations in its foreign policies, particularly that which concerned the unilateral invasion of Iraq, including the policies that came to constitute the American War on Terror. The confidence-building capability of multilateral initiatives has been demonstrated by Japan – a state now held in high esteem by most of Asia – after its much derided status during the Second World War. Through its strategy, it was able to achieve a kind of diplomatic influence that sometimes surpasses that of the US. For ex ample, through the years, Japan has cultivated strong economic relationships with member countries of the Association of Southeast Asian Nation (ASEAN). Multilateralism’s benefit for Japan is quite clear. Today, the country has two major East Asian multilateral foreign and security policy options: the first is the ASEAN/ARF structure, which are now consisted of most of the states in Southeast Asia, South Asia and East Asia.1 Then, there was also the case of the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA), which the first Bush administration encouraged and ratified under President Clinton’s watch. This initiative to engage Latin America, wrote Horwitz, helped redirect the foreign policies of thirty-four Western Hemisphere states in favor of closer political and economic ties.2 This engagement also facilitated the pursuit of common goals that led to the solution of common problems such as illegal drugs and immigration. Engaging other states and international institutions makes an initiative legitimate or, at least, provide a semblance of it that might otherwise be perceived as narrow political/military/economic interests of the US. According to Parmar, the popular critique against the recent Bush administration was that it had alienated the world by â€Å"by-passing international institutions, flouting international law and norms, and disregarding the interests and opinion of states.3 Anjali

Reframing the Organization and the Role of a Change Agent

Reframing the Organization and the Role of a Change Agent Change management is a comprehensive effort to lead an organization through transformation. It is a structured approach to transitioning individuals, teams, and organizations from a current state to a desired future state. Most importantly, the transformation effort must be actively led and managed with a clear set of objectives and an agreed plan for achieving these objectives. This process can be unnerving to employees if communication it not used wisely. Effective change management is important for the growth and development of the organization and for ensuring employees are properly engaged and informed throughout the process. Change management is a critical part of any project that leads, manages and enables people to accept new processes, technologies, systems, structures and values. My paper will educate the reader on the process of change management and the role of the change agent. Finally I will discuss the steps for reframing the organization. Change management considers the individuals and teams behavior and attitude during the change transition as well as the culture. Changes not only affect people it could affect the business processes, technology implementation or any other policies Change management is a systematic approach to dealing with change, both from the perspective of an organization and on the individual level. A somewhat ambiguous term, change management has at least three different aspects, including: adapting to change, controlling change, and effecting change. A proactive approach to dealing with change is at the core of all three aspects. For an organization, change management means defining and implementing procedures and/or technologies to deal with changes in the business environment and to profit from changing opportunities. Many people are interested in answering the question: How much change is too much change? Webster defines change as to make different in some particular, to make radically different or to give a different position, course, or direction. Isnt this the perfect environment for most cutting-edge companies? I am a supporter of change however; companies who change often may sometimes be operating in a state of chaos. It is best to take a strategic approach when initiating the change process in an organization structure. The key is a well defined strategic plan and great leadership at the executive level; this is fundamental during change management. It is the positive catalyst for keeping an organization on task during the chaotic moments. Almost every company will face the need to change due to the need for a culture change, competitive pressures, economic challenges, or skills shortages. Two-third of all organizations have experienced some type of change in the past year, whether it is a merger, acquisition, or downsizing initiative. Less than half of employees say that change is implemented well. A company periodically needs to mix it up a bit. Restructuring gets people to start forming new networks, making the organization as a whole more creative. The most successful organizations not only master the art of change; they demonstrate an understanding and acceptance of change as a constant. Fortunes Worlds Most Admired Companies research specifically examined how 18 world-class corporations handled change. Notable similarities were revealed. In approaching major transformations, successful firms: Vision was defined. They got consensus at the highest level about when they wanted the company to be in the very near future They sought to understand the behavior in as many ways as possible through systems, staff, structure and processes in order to drive and reinforce the change They devised a plan to systemically measure what they were trying to change They ensured that their basic human resources practices, reward systems, career development systems, selections procedures, performance management strategies and leadership styles supported the new direction What differentiates successful firms from the rest? They make sure everybody leaves a meeting with the same priorities in mind. Until agreement is reached, it is practically impossible to allocate the sense of urgency to specific issues. Research has shown how difficult it is for an organization to gauge its distance from its target. One study by the Hay Group, in which executive teams ranked 56 internal cultural elements to form snapshots of both desired and current cultures, found that 9 out of 10 executive teams were more divided on defining their culture than in describing future cultural priorities. Cultural change is enormous. It can feel very uncertain. That is why it is so important for a company to identify precisely what it is that it seeks to change. Change is good for an organization it disrupts all the routine in an organization that collectively stifle innovation and adaptability. Restructuring breaks up the outdated power structures that may be quietly misdirecting a companys resource allocation like silos. However without proper planning the process can be catastrophic. Over time, informal networks mirror formal structure, which is how silos develop. Silos can be considered as specific department being incapable of reciprocal operation with other, related departments within one organization. The expression is typically applied to teams where the focus is inward and information communication is vertical. In some silos managers serve as information gatekeepers, making timely coordination and communication among departments difficult to achieve, and seamless interoperabi lity with external parties impractical. Employees are also guilty of hoarding information. Both managers and employees consider this a form of job security. The problem with silos is that communication and collaboration tend to become trapped in specific business units or departments. Change will break down these silos creating a better company. Breaking down the silos is so important because the longer things are done a particular way, the harder it is to adapt to when change is required. Successful adaptation to change is as crucial within an organization as it is in the natural world. Just like plants and animals, organizations and the individuals in them inevitably encounter changing conditions that they are powerless to control. The more effectively you deal with change, the more likely you are to thrive. Change must be managed using an ethical and professional approach with common sense. Due to the changing economic state over 30 million Americans have been dislocated by restructuring. Companies expect to cut an average of 15 percent of their workforce over the next decade. Today, change is continuous and enormous. It is important that companies create a strategic plan to manage the change process and control resistance. However, they often forget about how to handle or who will handle the transition from the old way to the new way of doing things. The transition period is where people get immovable. People become anxious, confused, angry and often unproductive. On many occasion the task of helping people through the transition is the responsibility of frontline management but can become difficult for them. The most logical approach is for the company too employee a change agent. Change agents carry many titles but have some distinctive characteristics. A Change agent is an individual whose presence or thought processes cause a change from the traditional way of handling or thinking about a process. They must possess qualities such as experience in providing direct services to management in the public sector and private sector, particularly to those with multiple problems. Strong communication skills, including writing and public speaking abilities are critical. They must have the ability to communicate changes effectively across the entire organization. This helps them build consensus among groups of diverse stakeholders. In addition, they need the ability to sense and manage controversy. A person who is known for this type of work may promote credibility among other stakeholders. In a final analysis, the personality and interpersonal skills that change agents bring may be far more important qualifications than any advanced degree or specialized training. Im plementing change requires a specialized group of people. Hiring the right person to lead the team is a delicate and subjective task. A change agent leader may come in the form of a Change Management Project Manager. A change management Project Manager focuses on executing standard Change Management methodology which will facilitate the business partners planning and execution of new standards. The Project Manager will be directly allied to the company transformation champion or Change Manager. The role of a change manager is to be a leader who can alter forces that can impact the change project. Depending on the magnitude of the change, this leader might be the Chief Executive Officer/Executive Director, Vice President or department manager. If the organization culture must change to accommodate a new way of working, the leader must be the top dog of the company. Company culture is created from the top of the organization. The project manager may hire a change management analyst. They are responsible for auditing and evaluating the change management process of a business. Change management is aimed at helping system users to adopt the new system and use it productively. The role of the change management analyst includes ensuring that adequate documentation and support are available to the users. These are a few people who could make up the team that ultimately facilitate the transformation of an organization. It is imperative that the company take great care in selecting the right people to help support change within the organization. They must be skilled and have the ability to devise and execute a plan from start to finish. Companies excel at creating plans on change but selecting the correct change management team is often overlooked. Some executive think using an internal resource to champion alone and a few memos to the staff announcing the persons new role while noting the upcoming changes will suffice. This notion is far from the truth and will result in rebellion. It is necessary for the positive success of the change that serious thought is put into the change management agent selection. For some reason, there is often more power in what an outsider says than in the same suggestions coming from the inside. This power should be used to reinforce the direction in which you want to go. Outsiders bring important information and a fresh perspective; which is why great team selection is critical It is no secret that much is documented about the course or stages of change however; while process is clearly important, what is the defined role of the change agent and what characteristics are critical to be an effective change agent? After careful research there were a few characteristics that seem to echo. Motivation is what keeps the momentum going, even when things are tough. Change is tough and if they are not highly motivated, the change may not come. Commitment is another essential characteristic of successful change agents. The level of personal commitment influences behavior which in turn influences results. They must be a planner with ability to plan effectively; no real change can happen unless it is planned and thought through. Being a risk taker is a good trait. You cannot steal second if you are afraid to leave first. Change requires an element of risk. When you take risks they sometimes result in success but can result in failure. When you fail you learn. In fact, the most successful people always state that they learned more from when they failed than when they succeeded. Change without some risk taking is not an option. Changes agents must start with a goal in mind and be outcome focused. If they dont know where the organization wants to go, they are incapable of helping the company get to the anticipated finish. While this might seem like stating the obvious, it is surprising how many organizations start to embark on change without absolute clarity. It is important that they believe change is possible. Failure to do so will result in resistance and creativity blocked. In any change difficult choices will need to be made and communicated. Many of these changes will be unpopular and impact on a lot of people. Those that excel as change agents have the courage to follow through on the changes and stay focused on their goal and outcome while being empathetic and flexible. While there is a need to be courageous and move things forward, high degrees of empathy are important. Change agents need to be ready to see different perspectives and be able to step into the shoes of others. Even the best laid plans dont materialize as expected. As a change agent they need to be able to adapt to changing circumstances internally and externally to the organization. Change agents always need the ability to get all people affected by the project involved, to ensure their support and commitment. Change projects involve a great variety of factors and forces. Many change projects challenge the existing cultural framework of an organization. Efforts to change such lasting values, however, lead to resistance and denial. It takes the acceptance and the support of all people affected by such projects to make them succeed. It is the change agents task to generate this acceptance in order to implement change with the people, not against them. Rosabeth Moss Kanter a tenured professor in business at Harvard Business School where she holds the Ernest L. Arbuckle Professorship and author numerous books on business management techniques, particularly change management, mentions that many emotional components among the most important characteristics of change agents. Change agents should realize that there is more than one right solution. The change agent has to be able to evaluate facts from different points of view. Additionally, Moss Kanter writes about the significance of alliance building, which she describes as an often-ignored step in change processes. Change agents should identify and involve leaders, decision makers on resources, functional experts and other important persons as early as possible in the project. Selecting the proper change project to put into action first is vital. Proven techniques such as cost benefit analysis, return on investments calculations and risk analysis are well defined protocols for selecting what need to be tackled first. These tasks are often performed by a change agent analysis. This data is transferred to the change management Project Manager. The change team and employees affected by the change initiative must not feel like as if they are just the tools for change or the subject of change. Genuine commitment can only be gained by giving people the chance to become actively involved. People will develop a sense of ownership for the project, which, in turn may serve as a major source of motivation when it comes to the inevitable problems and barriers which manifest into full blown mutiny also known as resistance. Resistance to some employees is used as a survival mechanism. Most people are reluctant to leave the familiar behind making change incredibly difficult. We are naturally concerned about how we will get from the old to the new; especially it involves something new and risking failure. The change agents role is designed to help facilitate and make the transition uncomplicated. Based on research resistance to change is the most prevalent reason change never happens or takes years to implement in an organization. Resistance is simply a very powerful, very effective, very useful survival mechanism. The biggest obstacle to change for a new on the job change agent is dealing with a companys past success. It is difficult to ask people to change when things have gone so well in the past. The idea that anyone would challenge this reasonable and rational way of doing business is ludicrous. The change professional must have the ability to notice these changes and react immediately. People may begin to feel a loss of security. Employees no longer feel in control of their destiny. They may question where they stand in the organization. People will no longer know what to do or how to manager. Their understanding of where they are going is lost. The companys mission and vision often becomes unclear. Resistance can affect many other aspects of change. A change agent must monitor productivity during times of resistance because typically it declines. People are often upset and downbeat. Resistance is not a pleasurable experience for the employees or the change agent. The change agent is often blamed for everything that is going on at moment. Workshops arranged by the change agent typically help neutralize this problem. During workshops employees are encouraged to openly express their feelings. Expressing feeling about the entire process is what helps employees change. People need a way to say good bye to the old and welcome in the new. A well trained change agent views resistance as a gateway or filter. This opposition helps them select from all the probable changes the one that is most suitable to the current situation. The utilization of compassion makes it possible for them to respond empathetically. Communication becomes essential to worker buy-in; the reason for why change is necessary must be clearly defined and communicated. The project manage need to keep the employees informed of any new development and give then as much data as possible. The workshops should be followed up with one on one meeting if necessary. Statics show that when 5 percent of the people, in a group, adopt a change, the change is imbedded. When 20 percent adopt it, the change is unstoppable. An experience change agent focus on the innovators, people who try things first followed by the early adopters. Some individuals are harder to get involved and more often than not become somewhat the focus of the project manager. Change agents who repair damaged relationships and restore trust both before and during change are less likely to encounter resistance than agents who do not; research shows that falling to repair damaged relationships can lead to lowered commitment (Dean, Brandes, Dharwadkar, 1998). Agents can reduce the chances of such damage by being truthful and realistic as possible including revealing what they do not know. As a matter-of-fact, change agents are encouraged to communicate frequently and enthusiastically about change (Lewis, Schmisseur, Stephens, Weir, 2006). Even communication cannot eradicate all forms of resistance. Rational resistance forms when employees feel uninvolved. They think change is being forced upon them. These are the people who refuse to budge. This is what a change agent faces when someone ignores or does not embrace the idea of change. This can be cancerous. One way to help is to create an environment where learning is the norm. Motivating employees to change by celebrating small successes can help people inspire to embrace change. However in some cases irrational resistance gets the best of the most experienced change professional. There are people for whom no amount of verification, persuasion or motivation will suffice to get them to willingly adopt change. Since it is the goal of the change agent to persuade individuals to change a change professional may make use of McGuires theory of inoculation. Inoculation Theory was developed by social psychologist William J. McGuire in 1961 to explain more about how attitudes and beliefs change, and more important, how to keep original attitudes and beliefs consistent in the face of persuasion attempts. According to McGuires theory of inoculation, change recipients success in resisting influence is determined by their ability to refute arguments that challenge their prevailing beliefs (McGuire). Inoculation is a theory developed to strengthen existing attitudes and beliefs and build resistance to future counterarguments. For inoculation to be successful it is critical that the motivation for resistance is imposed upon these existing ideas takes place after the inoculation. The argument that is presented through inoculation must be strong enough to initiate motivation to maintain current attitudes and beliefs, but weak enough that the receiver will refute the counterargument. Inoculation theory has been successful in increasing college stu dents resistance to credit card advertisements (Compton Pfau, 2004). Change recipients reactions to change are not necessarily dysfunctional obstacles or liabilities to successful change. Quite the opposite, recipient reactions can have value serving as an asset and a resource in its implementation and successful accomplishments (Knowles Linn, 2004). Resistance is one possible form of engagement with change and may, in some cases reflect a higher level of commitment that acceptance, because some resistance is thoughtful. Change agents can use resistance as feedback on a stakeholders engagement. It can become an indicator and a valuable source of feedback for improving the process and conduct of change. In fact, change agents may want to consider the absence of resistance as a sign of disengagement and harbinger of future problems from unthinking acceptance (Wegener et al., 2004). The change professional must surely include responsibility for the relationship with recipients, as well as the tactics of change implementation. Change is nothing more than a simple shift in technology or some reporting relationship. They are the cornerstone of forward progress. The effect of the change professional is important to the execution of a successful positive transformation and culture shift. The culture change of a company can be achieved by giving employees the means by which they could successfully do their jobs. It is communicating clearly to employees what their jobs are and providing the training and tools to enable them to perform those jobs successfully. Organizations need to bear in mind that throughout the process of making improvements, individuals will be thinking about WIIFM (whats in it for me). This doesnt mean solely the financial impact of the change. The typical Western approach to organizational change management is to start by trying to get everyone to think the right way. This causes their values and attitudes to change, which, in turn, leads them naturally to start doing the right things. It is imperative that the company starts by influencing a culture change. The first change should focus on how people think. The focus should be on behavior modifications which align with the mission and vision of the company. Putting together the change management strategy is the first significant step in implementing change management methodology. This can also be considered reframing the organization. The strategy provides direction and results in informed decision making throughout the change process. A well-formulated strategy really brings the change to life, describing who and how it will impact the organization. People will follow a person who inspires them. The change must start with a solid vision and passionate leadership. A change plan is necessary to ensure that the initiative becomes a living breathing document. The change management plan is documented by the change professional and includes but is not limited to: Communication plan Resistance management plan Training plan Reinforcement planning This plan must address getting buy-in from key stakeholders and the naysayers. Top management must fully support the change. Leadership has to understand the employees and business units being impacted by the change. These stakeholders should be addressed personally by senior leadership. Showing how they will be positively impacted enables the employees to better appreciate the vision. The leader new vision has to be communicated throughout the organization. Understanding the employees perceived level of commitment will have more to do with the success or failure of the change than anything else. This must be evident to the employees. It is critical, if leadership is commitment is poorly communicated the change will more than likely be resisted. We previously addressed resistance and ways to deal with or embrace the process. In addition to a solid strategic plan, the leaders must be willing to look at the company through a different set of lenses. Different lenses can bring organizational life into a different or clearer focus. Lee Bolman and Terrence Deal authors of Reframing Organizations: Artistry, Choice and Leadership argue that it is impossible to really understand an entire organization without using a multi-framing perspective. Although there are no right or wrong ways to view organizations, one of the most practical theories, suggested by Bolman and Deal (1984), advocates looking at organizations from four different perspectives or frames. These frames are often described as windows, maps, tools, lenses, orientations and perspectives because these images suggest multiple functions (Bolman Deal, 2003). The four frames are: (a) structural (emphasizes specialized roles and formal relationships), (b) human resource (considers the needs of the individual), (c) political (focuses on bargaining, negot iating, coercion, and compromise), and (d) symbolic (views organizations as cultures with rituals and ceremonies). Each of the frames is powerful and coherent, and collectively, they make it possible to reframe Re`frame ´Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   v. t. 1. To frame again or anew.   or view the same situation from multiple perspectives (Bolman Deal, 2003). . They allow the leader to view the workplace from different images to make judgments, gather information and get things done. Not every framework works well in every situation. The change agent will find that all or most of the frames will be employed by the people they will be dealing with. The idea to creating change in an organization is to figure out which frame offers them the best opportunity for focusing all the individuals on a feasible solution. Basically they are going to have to convince some people to change their frame of reference, at least when they are thinking and talking about the changes that are coming. Once the situation or problem has been successfully reframed, the change professional will need to help people reinterpret the new framework in terms of their preferred approach. No one uses only one frame all the time, although people often show a preference for one or two frames. The structural and political are the most prevalent frames shown by people during change. Both can be used to demonstrate different analytical approaches to describe an organization. Bolman and Deal (2003) are careful to explain the steps that ought to be taken to prohibit greed and encourage morality in the politically fueled workplace. For example, negotiation can be seen as a win-win as opposed to a positional ordeal. If there is potential for both sides to benefit through bargaining, it is optimal to go about this process in such a way that does not insist on a clear win-lose outcome. Similarly, they describe ethical issues in bargaining and general organizational politics. The symbolic frame looks at the core beliefs and values that employees of organizations possess in common. These beliefs represent what people stand for and shape their identity. This frame suggests that what happens in organizations is not as important as what these phenomena mean to people. The symbolic fram e is concerned with organizational culture and the culture is significant and well-established in most companies. This frame is important because it is directly tied to the emotions of the people. Most people dont like change because it represents uncertainty. Quoting Burns, If leaders are to be effective in helping mobilize and elevate their constituencies, leaders must be whole persons, persons with full-functioning capabilities for thinking and feeling (217). In this way, the authors encourage leaders to be both aware of the importance of the power they wield, and to lead by example as an ethical individual. The end result is to learn the importance of stepping back and looking at a situation from more than a single pane of glass. This is vitally important because most of us have the tendency to look at situations or problems from a limited narrow perspective, and this hinders our ability to be effective and visionary leaders. Below is a chart that outline the reframing process. Reframing Organizational Process Frame Structural Human Resources Political Symbolic Strategic Planning Strategies to set objectives and coordinate resources Gatherings to promote participation Arenas to air conflicts and realign power Ritual to signal responsibility, produce symbols, negotiate meanings Decision Making Rational sequence to produce right decision Open process to produce commitment Opportunity to gain or exercise power Ritual to confirm values and provide opportunities for bonding Reorganizing Realign roles and responsibilities to fit tasks and environment Maintain balance between human needs and formal roles Redistribute power and form new coalitions Maintain image of accountability and responsiveness; negotiate new social order Evaluating Way to distribute rewards or penalties and control performance Process for helping individuals grow and improve Opportunity to exercise power Occasion to play roles in shared ritual Approaching Conflict Maintain organizational goals by having authorities resolve conflict Develop relationships by having individuals confront conflict Develop power by bargaining, forcing, or manipulating others to win Develop shared values and use conflict to negotiate meaning Goal Setting Keep organization headed in right direction Keep people involved and communication open Provide opportunity for individuals and groups to make interests known Develop symbols and shared values Communication Transmit facts and information Exchange information, needs, and feelings Influence or manipulate others Tell stores Meetings Formal occasions for making decisions Informal occasions for involvement, sharing feelings Competitive occasions to win points Sacred occasions to celebrate and transform the culture Motivation Economic incentives Growth and self-actualization Coercion, manipulation, and seduction Symbols and celebrations Source: Bolman Deal (1997), pp. 267-268 The uses of the multiple frames assist the leader to distinguish and recognize more broadly the problems and potential solutions available. It encourages the leader to think flexibly about their organization and opens a range of opportunities to the leader to view events from multiple angles. Lastly, employees should feel comfort in knowing that their participation in change is moving the organization toward a more healthy state. Collaboration gets all employees to work together. Their thoughts and opinions are sought and valued by leadership. Communication is important to create awareness about why the change is needed. The word about the change should be talked about daily. In most cases several times a day if needed to get stakeholder buy-in. It is imperative that this message comes fro

Nature and Death in In Memory of My Dear Grandchild and Upon Wedlock an

Nature and Death in In Memory of My Dear Grandchild and Upon Wedlock and Death of Children Literature delivers or expresses ideas according to the social and cultural settings of the particular time of the writers. Even though it is designed to be in a certain time frame, the concepts overlap each other. The poems "In memory of my dear grandchild" by Anne Bradstreet, "Upon wedlock and death of children" by Edward Taylor though were written in different eras, they have a common concept "death". The writers in their poems describe that death is a natural process and compare it with different aspects of nature. Anne Bradstreet (1612-1672) and Edward Taylor (1642-1729) are both early American litterateurs, and are firm believers in the Puritan experiment in America. Anne Bradstreet was the daughter of Thomas Dudley, and got married to Simon Bradstreet when she was sixteen years old. She received a better education than other young women did of her times. Due to her childhood diseases and deadly, childbirth experiences, she became very weak. She had to lead a life full of hardships in the new land. Although her distress is not hidden, faith in God is also the prominent object in her works. Edward Taylor was a son of a yeoman farmer, went to Harvard for higher education, and became a teacher for a while. He was not involved with the church and instead became a puritan minister. He wrote poems for his own pleasure and not as a part of religious service. He too believed in the puritan experiment in America. The poems chosen of these two writers are about death immediate family members . Although, both the writers have different intentions, they associate death with some aspects of nature. There is a common mechanics ... ...and most of all they had the common Faith in God. They both take death as a natural process of life and do not protest to God regarding the loss of their beloved. Instead they solaced themselves by saying that it was God's and so he took it away. There is a constant comparison between nature and death in the works of these writers. One belief that is prominent is that everything in nature ends (including humans); it is just the difference in time frame. Meaning that some die early and some livelong than the others. Anne Bradstreet and Edward Taylor are from different periods of the history of American literature, but they have the same belief system. They both have faith in God that He is the one to decide about everything's destiny. They support their belief by exemplifying it with the way the world is organized that is anything that is born has to end.